AIX
Cheatsheet
SOME GOOD COMMANDS TO
BACK UP SYSTEM SETTINGS:
lspv Lists
physical volumes, PVID, VG membership
lscfg Provides
information regarding system components
prtconf Displays system configuration
information
lsvg Lists
the volume groups
lsps Displays
information about paging spaces
lsfs Gives
file system information
lsdev Provides
device information
getconf Displays values of system
configuration variables
bootinfo Displays
system configuration information
snap Collects
system data and creates a dump
USING SUMA (Service
Update Management Assistant)
1. To immediately execute a
task that will preview downloading any
critical fixes that have
become available and are not already
installed on your system:
# suma -x -a
RqType=Critical -a Action=Preview
2. To create and schedule a
task that will download the latest fixes
monthly (for example, on the
15th of every month at 2:30 AM):
# suma -s "30 2 15 *
*" -a RqType=Latest \
-a
DisplayName="Critical fixes - 15th Monthly"
Task ID 4 created.
3. To list information about
the newly created SUMA task (which has
a Task ID of 4):
# suma -l 4
4. To list the SUMA task
defaults, type the following:
# suma –D
DisplayName=
Action=Download
RqType=Security
...
5. To create and schedule a
task that will check monthly (for example,
on the 15th of every month at
2:30 AM) for all the latest
new
updates, and download any
that are not already in the /tmp/latest
repository, type the
following:
# suma -s "30 2 15 *
*" -a RqType=Latest \
-a DLTarget=/tmp/latest –a
FilterDir=/tmp/latest
Task ID 5 created.
CONFIGURING THE ODM
Changing ODM Attribute
Values:
# odmget
-q"uniquetype=tape/scsi/scsd and attribute=block_size" PdAt > file
# vi file
Modify deflt to 512
# odmdelete -o PdAt
-q"uniquetype=tape/scsi/scsd and attribute=block_size"
# odmadd file
odmget -q
"name=hdisk0 and attribute=pvid" CuAt Look
for ODM Values EXACTLY in hdisk0
odmget -q "value3
like hdisk[03]" CuDvDr Search for
similar ODM values in hdisk0 and hdisk3
FIXING ODM ISSUES
If the ODM problem is not in
the rootvg, for example in volume
group homevg, do the
following:
# varyoffvg homevg
# exportvg homevg
# importvg -y homevg
hdiskX
If the ODM problem is
in the rootvg, try using
rvgrecover:
FIXING STALE PARTITIONS
If stale partition is on
hdisk2:
After repair of hdisk2
varyonvg VGName (calls syncvg -v VGName)
Change Speed/Duplex
entstat -d ent0 OR lsattr -R -l ent0 -a media_speed ChECK SPEED/DUPLEX!!!!
chdev -P -l ent0 -a
media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex SET
SPEED/DUPLEX
smitty This command
gains access to the menu driven AIX managenment software.
Within smit:
F6 Show
commands smit ran to accomplish task
F8 Take
Screenshot
F9 Break
into shell
bootinfo With
–p switch shows architecture (i.e. chrp) and –y shows kernel bit (32 or 64)
alog maintains/manages
logs EX. alog -o -t boot shows the boot log
cfgmgr manages system devices and searches for newly
connected hardware
lssrc –g spooler Lists service
group spooler subsystems
startsrc/stopsrc –s lpd Starts/stops
the lpd daemon subsystem
refresh –s lpd Rereads the
lpd daemon configuration
last list login info EX.
last root console
bootlist display/alter boot order EX. bootlist -m normal hdisk0 cd0
uptime display
system uptime
mpcfg
display service information EX. mpcfg -cf 11 1
shutdown -Fr Reboots system correctly
lsdev list device info
lsdev
–P –H List
predefined devices
lsdev
–Pc tape List
predefined tape devices
lsdev
–CH List name
and location of configured devices
lscfg
–v List
details of all devices
lspv list physical volume status EX. lspv –p hdisk0
lsattr list device attributes
EX. lsattr -l rmt0 –E
lsattr -El sys0
getconf –a Provides systems configuration
variable values
lsfs Lists filesystems in
the standard fstab/vfstab format
This
can be compared to /etc/filesystems where the info is pulled from
lsvg –l rootvg Lists logical volumes in
rootvg as well as their states and partition counts
lsvg –o Lists varied on volume groups
lsvg –p rootvg Lists physical volumes and
their states and free partitions in rootvg
lsvg -o | lsvg -i –l List
logical volumes by volume group
/usr/sbin/lquerypv -M hdisk0 Display
logical track group size of hdisk0 – default is 128K
Can
be changed with varyonvg -M <LTGsize>
lslv –l lv00 Show physical volumes
map to lv00
lslv
–m lv00 Shows the physical
partition mapping
lqueryvg -p hdisk1 -At Show Volume Group Descriptor
Area properties
getlvcb -AT hd2 Show Logical
Volume Control Block info
migratepv -l lv02 hdisk0 hdisk6 Migrate
contents of PV hdisk0 to hdisk6
chfs -a size="-16M" /myfs Change
the size of /myfs (as well as the LV)
less 16M
+16M
would increase it
tcpdump src host 192.168.1.108 and tcp dst port 25 Check all port
25 traffic from from 192.168.1.108
FIX A CORRUPTED BOOT LOGICAL VOLUME:
Boot to Maintenance Mode off of CD
1 Access a Root Volume Group
# bosboot -ad /dev/hdisk0
# shutdown -Fr
WORKING WITH BOOTLISTS
Normal Mode:
# bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
# bootlist -m normal -o
hdisk0 blv=hd5
hdisk1 blv=hd5
Service Mode:
# bootlist -m service -o
cd0
hdisk0 blv=hd5
ent0
Diagnostics Mode
-----------------
# diag
TASK SELECTION LIST
Display Service Hints
Display Software Product Data
Display or Change Bootlist
Gather System Information
ACCESSING SMS:
Press F1 or 1 During system boot when the IBM banner
and keyboard is displayed
RAM DISKS
mkramdisk 4M Make
a RAM Disk of 4MB
mkfs -V jfs /dev/ramdisk0 Create
a filesystem on the RAMDISK
mkdir /ramdisk Make a mount point
mount -V jfs -o nointegrity /dev/ramdisk0 /ramdisk Mount
the RAMDISK
DVD RAM
udfcreate -d /dev/cd0 Create a UDF file system
udflabel -d /dev/cd0 -l testdvd Change
the label on a UDF file system
mkdir /dvddisk Create a mount point
mount -V udfs -o rw /dev/cd0 /dvddisk Mount
a UDF file system
udfcheck -d /dev/cd0 grep :-: Check
a UDF file system
Files most likely to grow and fill filesytstems:
/var/adm/wtmp
/etc/security/failedlogin
/var/adm/sulog
/var/spool/*/*
$HOME/smit.log
$HOME/smit.script
$HOME/websm.log
$HOME/websm.script
lsps –a Check paging spaces
This
should be looked at in a “Cannot fork process” error
cat /etc/swapspaces Check
paging space activated at startup
smit mkps Smitty fastpath to create a paging
space
smit
chps allows change to the paging space
Removing Paging Spaces:
swapoff /dev/paging00 Make
inactive
rmps paging00 Remove inactive paging space
Increasing Paging Space Dynamically:
chps -s 1 paging00 Increases
paging space
Ex. chps
–s #pp’s hd6 i.e. chps –s 68 hd6
chps -d LogicalPartitions PagingSpace Decreases
paging space
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem Show
total Memory
smit sysbackup Start mksysb
process from smit to backup rootvg
Set
expand /tmp to yes
Set
Backup device to file to rmt0 or filename
smit
mkcd Backs system to CD
smit
mkdvd Backs system to DVD
smit vgbackup Back up
volume groups other than rootvg with the savevg command
smit
restvg Restores this image
smit
savevgcd or smit savevgdvd Saves
image to CD or DVD
Using the backup command:
Example 1: Read input from a file
cat listfile
/home/roy/file1
/home/roy/file2
/home/roy/file3
backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0 < listfile
Example 2: Use find to generate list
find /home/roy
| backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0
cd /home/roy
find . | backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0
Example 3: Backup by inode
backup -u -1 -f /dev/rmt0 /home
Using the Restore Command
restore -Tvf /dev/rmt0 List files on media (verify the backup)
restore -xvf /dev/rmt0/home/mike/manual/chap1 Restore
individual files
restore -rqvf /dev/rmt0 Restore complete file system
Restoring files permissions without file contents:
To restore only the permissions of the file
/etc/passwd from
the archive:
restore -Pa -vf /dev/rmt0 ./etc/passwd
To display only the permissions of the file
/etc/passwd on the
archive:
restore -Ta -vf /dev/rmt0 ./etc/passwd
Using tar
tar -cvf /dev/rmt0.3 /home Generate a tar backup
tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 /home/team01/mydir Restore a file from a tar image
tar -tvf /dev/rmt0 List (verify) content of a tar file
Using cpio
find /home | cpio -ov> /dev/rmt0 Generate a cpio backup
cpio -idv </dev/rmt0 Restore from a cpio image
cpio -itv < /dev/rmt0 List (verify) the contents of a cpio image
Using dd
dd if=/etc/inittab of=/dev/rfd0 To copy a file to diskette
dd if=text.ascii of=text.ebcdic conv=ebcdic To
convert a file from ASCII to EBCDIC
cat lcase.data | dd conv=ucase To convert data to uppercase characters
Tape Control
tctl {
rewind Rewinds a tape
fsf Fast forwards a tape
offline Ejects a tape
rewoffl Rewinds and ejects a tape }
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind
tctl -f /dev/rmt0.1 fsf 3
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewoffl
restore -s 4 -xvf /dev/rmt0.1 ./etc/inittab
swrole SysBoot Create subshell with role in effect (RBAC)
LOGIN environment processing:
/etc/environment
/etc/profile
$HOME/.profile
$HOME/.kshrc
User/Group Administration via SMIT:
smit security
smit users
smit mkuser
smit chuser
smit groups
smit mkgroup
smit chgroup
lsuser –a id home ALL List users and certain attributes (id and home)
rmuser –p team01 removes user
rm -r /home/team01 removes their home directory
lsgroup ALL Lists all groups
passwd username or pwadm username Administers passwords for user
/etc/motd A message of the day to display to the user during
login
Can be suppressed with $HOME/.hushlogin file
Access Control Lists – used to specify specific
permissions for files to users:
aclget file1 Display
base/extended permissions
aclget status99 | aclput report99 Copy ACL's
acledit salaries2 Specify
ACL's
Example:
acledit salaries
base permissions
...
extended permissions
enabled
permit r– u:simon
acledit status99
attributes:
base permissions
owner(fred): rwx
group(finance): rwothers:
---
extended permissions
enabled
permit --x u:michael
specify r-- u:anne,g:account
specify r-- u:nadine
michael (member of group finance) gets read, write
(base)
and execute (extended) permission
• If anne is in group account, she gets read
permission on file
status99
• nadine (member of group finance) gets only read
access
acledit report99
attributes:
base permissions
owner (sarah): rwx
group (mail): r--
others: r--
extended permissions
enabled
deny r-- u:paul g:mail
deny r-- g:gateway
deny: Restricts the user or group from using the
specified
access to the file
• deny overrules permit and specify
Files used to contain user attributes and control
access:
– /etc/passwd Valid users (not passwords)
– /etc/group Valid groups
– /etc/security Directory not accessible to normal users
– /etc/security/passwd User passwords
– /etc/security/user
Group attributes
– /etc/security/limits User limits
– /etc/security/environ User environment
settings
– /etc/security/login.cfg Login settings
Validating the user environment
pwdck verifies the validity of local authentication
information:
– pwdck {-n|-p|-t|-y} {ALL | username}
– Verifies that /etc/passwd and /etc/security/passwd
are consistent with each other and with /etc/security/login.cfg and
/etc/security/user
usrck verifies the validity of a user definition:
– usrck {-l|-b|-n|-p|-t|-y} {ALL | username}
– Checks each user name in /etc/passwd,
/etc/security/user,/etc/security/limits and /etc/security/passwd
– Checks are made to ensure that each has an entry in
/etc/group and /etc/security/group
grpck verifies the validity of a group:
– grpck {-n|-p|-t|-y} {ALL | groupname }
– Verifies that the files /etc/passwd,
/etc/security/user, /etc/group and /etc/security/group are consistent
SCHEDULING JOBS
crontab -l List
scheduled tasks
#0 3 * * * /usr/sbin/skulker
minute hour date-of-month month day-of-week command
crontab -e Edit scheduled tasks
The at command submits a uniquely occurring job to be
run by cron at a specified time:
at now +2 mins
banner hello > /dev/pts/0
<ctrl-d>
job user.time.a will be run at date
The batch command submits a job to be run when the
processor load is sufficiently low:
batch
banner hello > /dev/pts/0
<ctrl-d>
PRINTING
********************************************************
smit spooler Adds
printer queues and associates with devices (usually local)
smit mkhostslpd Adds
authorization for a remote lpd client
smit mkitab_lpd Start LPD
smit chpq Change print queue
characteristics
smit rmpq Remove
queue
smit pqmanage Manage
print queue
smit jobs Manage
print jobs
smit qcan Cancel
job
cat file > /dev/lp0 Submit a print job via a file
lpstat Check
queue status
To
enable a queue whose status is DOWN:
enable draft
To disable a queue
whose status is READY:
disable qualitympq
System files associated with printing
/etc/qconfig Queue configuration files
/var/spool/* Spooling directories
/var/spool/lpd/qdir/* Queue requests
/var/spool/qdaemon/* Temporary enqueued files
/var/spool/lpd/stat/* Line printer status information
/var/spool/lpd/pio/@local Virtual printer directories
To submit a job to a queue:
System V BSD AIX
lp lpr qprt
$ lp -d queuename filename
- OR-
$ qprt -P queuename filename
To list jobs in a queue:
SYSTEM V BSD AIX
lpstat lpq qchk
For example:
$ qchk
Queue Dev Status Job Files User PP % Blks Cp Rnk
ps lp0 DOWN
QUEUE 569 /etc/motd root 1 1 1
SYSTEM V:
Create a printer:
lpadmin -p myprinter -v /dev/lp01 -c bldg5 -T PS \
-I postscript -m PS
Printer types
terminfo source for printers:
/usr/share/lib/terminfo/svprint.ti
Compiled terminfo file for a Canon Bubble Jet (printer
type bj-300):
/usr/share/lib/terminfo/b/bj-300
To compile terminfo source:
# tic svprint.ti
To view bj-300 terminfo entry:
# infocmp bj-300 Print server
Spool/Log files:
Ex. cd /var/spool/lp/tmp/kca48
Start printing:
– enable printer
Stop printing:
– disable [-c] [-r reason] [-W] printer
Start queuing:
– accept printer
Stop queuing:
– reject [-r reason] printer
Creating and enabling a new printer:
– mkdev
– lpadmin
– accept
– enable
Using the print service
Submit print jobs:
– # lp -d dest [print-options] file_list
Modify print jobs:
– # lp -i request-id [print-options]
Cancel print jobs:
– # cancel request-id-list
– # cancel printer
– # cancel -u user-list [printer-list]
Check status:
– # lpstat [flags] [object-list]
********************************************************
smit web_configure Configure
IBM Webserver
Set
default browser to netscape
wsm Access AIX web-based system
manager
Configuring the client/server Web-based System Manager
Install the Web server
Test the Web server
Install the Web-based System Manager (usually done by
default with the base)
Define the Web server document directory
/usr/websm/bin/wsmappletcfg -docdir directory
Enable the Web-based System Manager server
/usr/websm/bin/wsmserver -enable
entstat –d en0 Check
speed/duplex/link of an adapter
SERIAL CONSOLES
Enable login attribute:
login=disable Available for dial-out line
login=enable Login prompt on terminal
login=delay User must press key first
login=share Bi-directional port
Use SMIT or chdev for permanent change
smit tty Set
TTY Attributes
penable/pdisable
penable [-a] [device_name] To
enable terminals
pdisable [-a] [device_name] To
disable terminals, run the pdisable command:
penable and pdisable by themselves, list all the
terminals enabled or disabled respectively.
Only the console cannot be disabled in this manner
PORT MIRROR
Command to mirror SSH sessions AIX:
who am i Checks
session number for the user
portmir -t pts/1 -m pts/3
To turn off:
portmir -o
TTY problems
Incorrect terminal type/settings:
– Change attributes (SMIT)
– Terminal setup menu
– TERM variable/terminfo database
Hung terminal (crashed program or cat binary file):
– From terminal:
Try start key <ctrl-q>
Reset terminal from setup menu
Try interrupt, quit keys
<ctrl-j> stty sane <ctrl-j> then log off/on again
– From another terminal:
stty -a < /dev/ttyn
Then, stty sane </dev/ttyn
or
kill -9 pid_of_login_shell
acledit filename Sets
extended file permission attributes
EX. permit r-x u:sarah
deny
rwx u: bob
can
be checked with aclget filename
/usr/lib/errdemon
–l ---- DETERMINE PATH TO ERROR LOG
errpt
– give detailed error listings EX.
errpt –a
errpt [ -a ] [ -c ]
[ -d ErrorClassList ] [ -e EndDate ] [ -g ] [ -i File ] [ -j ErrorID [ ,ErrorID
] ] | [ -k ErrorID [ ,ErrorID ]] [ -J ErrorLabel [,ErrorLabel ]]|[-KErrorLabel
[ ,ErrorLabel ]][-l SequenceNumber ] [-m Machine ] [ -n Node ] [-s StartDate ]
[ -F FlagList ] [ -N ResourceNameList ][-RResourceTypeList ] [ -S
ResourceClassList ] [ -T ErrorTypeList ] [ -y File ] [ -z File ]
NOTE: CAN BE USED WITH diag, errclear,
errinstall, errupdate
syslogd [ -d ] [ -s ] [ -f
ConfigurationFile ] [ -m MarkInterval ] [-r]
---- Turns on syslog daemon and logs to destination determined by
/etc/syslog.conf and can be started/stopped using stop(start)src -s syslogd
mkdev -c tty -t tty -s
rs232 -p sa0 -w s1 -a login=enable -a term=ibm3151 ---- add 3151 ASCII terminal login which can
be removed with rmdev -l <tty name> -d
oslevel [ -l Level | -g |
-q ] --- Check system software levels
installp ---
install/commit/reject/remove/apply software EX’s.
installp -aX -d/usr/sys/inst.images bos.net ,
installp -cgX all, installp -rBpX
bos.net, installp -ugp -V2 bos.net, installp
–C, installp -L -d /dev/cd0
NOTE: Alternately you could use smitty install_latest
SMS Menu
Software and Fix
Maintentance
------------------------------------------
lslpp –l list available installed system software
Alternatively you could use smitty
list_installed
instfix -k IY58143 -d
/dev/cd0 Installs a fix
instfix -ik IY58143 Searches
for a fix
instfix -s SCSI -d
/dev/cd0 Searches for a fix by keyword
instfix -i | grep ML Lists
which AIX BOS maintenance levels are partly or fully
installed
instfix -ciqk
6100-01_AIX_ML | grep :-: Lists which filesets are
missing in a partly installed AIX BOS maintenance level
fixdist --- graphical
software install tool
inutoc --- rebuild
software installation database
instfix [ -T ] [ -s String ] [ -S ] [ -k Keyword | -f
File ] [ -p ] [ -d Device ] [ -i [ -c ] [ -q ] [ -t Type ] [ -v ] [ -F ] ] [ -a
]
Check for installed system fixes EX.
instfix –iv
NOTE:
Alternately you could use smitty show apar_stat
smitty alt_clone ---
create alternate rootvg image
smitty alt_mksysb
---- create mksysb image
Object Data Manager ----
stores device classes…..can be manipulated with the following commands: odmadd,
odmchange, odmcreate, odmdelete, odmdrop, odmshow, odmget
getlvcb -TA hd2 --- get
logical volume control block info
mklvcopy --- make logical volume copy
mirrorvg [ -S | -s ] [ -Q ] [ -c Copies] [ -m ]
VolumeGroup [PhysicalVolume .. ] ---- mirror all volumes in a logical volume
group
EX. mirrorvg
rootvg
MIRROR ROOTVG
1) lspv
####List the physical volumes with their respective
volume group
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>lspv
hdisk0
00cd196f027ea5c1
rootvg active
hdisk1
00cd196f4ede3b21 None
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>
2) lsvg
-l rootvg
####List the logical volumes in rootvg
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>lsvg -l rootvg
rootvg:
LV NAME
TYPE LPs PPs
PVs LV STATE
MOUNT POINT
hd5
boot 1 1
1 closed/syncd N/A
hd6
paging 4 4
1 open/syncd N/A
hd8
jfs2log 1 1
1 open/syncd N/A
hd4
jfs2 3 3
1 open/syncd /
hd2
jfs2 18 18
1 open/syncd /usr
hd9var
jfs2 1 1
1 open/syncd /var
hd3
jfs2 1 1
1 open/syncd /tmp
hd1
jfs2 1 1
1 open/syncd /home
hd10opt
jfs2 1
1 1 open/syncd /opt
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>
3) extendvg
-f rootvg hdisk1
####Add the second disk to the rootvg so that there is
enough space for a mirror
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>extendvg -f rootvg hdisk1
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>lspv
hdisk0
00cd196f027ea5c1
rootvg active
hdisk1
00cd196f4ede3b21
rootvg active
3a) chvg
-Qn rootvg ####Turn off
quorum on rootvg when there is only 1 mirror
4) mirrorvg
-S -c 2 rootvg
####Mirror the entire rootvg
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>mirrorvg -S -c 2 rootvg
0516-1124 mirrorvg: Quorum requirement turned off,
reboot system for this
to take
effect for rootvg.
0516-1126 mirrorvg: rootvg successfully mirrored, user
should perform
bosboot
of system to initialize boot records.
Then, user must modify
bootlist
to include: hdisk0 hdisk1.
####List the logical volumes in rootvg
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>lsvg -l rootvg
rootvg:
LV NAME
TYPE LPs PPs
PVs LV STATE
MOUNT POINT
hd5 boot
1 2 2
closed/syncd N/A
hd6
paging 4 8
2 open/syncd N/A
hd8
jfs2log 1 2
2 open/syncd N/A
hd4
jfs2 3 6
2 open/syncd /
hd2 jfs2 18
36 2 open/stale /usr
hd9var
jfs2 1 2
2 open/stale /var
hd3
jfs2 1 2
2 open/stale /tmp
hd1
jfs2 1 2
2 open/stale /home
hd10opt
jfs2 1 2
2 open/stale /opt
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>
####Note now that there are 2 PP's for every LP (2
copies)
5) bosboot
-a
####Initialize boot records
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>bosboot -a
bosboot: Boot image is 33014 512 byte blocks.
6) bootlist
-m normal -o
####Check bootlist but do not modify
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>bootlist -m normal -o
hdisk0 blv=hd5
7) bootlist
-m normal -o hdisk0 hdisk1
####Set the bootlist to hdisk0 and hdisk1
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>bootlist -m normal -o hdisk0 hdisk1
hdisk0 blv=hd5
hdisk1 blv=hd5
r01s6vlp1[ / ]=>
8) sync;sync;sync;shutdown
-Fr now
9) Check
by changing the bootlist and rebooting noting the address of the disk:
####bootlist -m normal -o hdisk0
####bootinfo -b Checks
the disk booted to
REPLACE A MIRRORED DISK:
unmirrorvg workvg hdisk7
reducevg workvg hdisk7
rmdev -l hdisk7 –d
NOW REPLACE THE PHYSICAL DRIVE
extendvg workvg hdisk7
mirrorvg workvg
mirrorvg -S -c 3 workvg
FIX DISK ISSUES WHEN DISK IS STILL WORKING:
1. Connect new disk to system.
2. Add new disk to volume group:
# extendvg vg_name hdiskY
3. Migrate old disk to new disk: (*)
# migratepv hdiskX hdiskY
4. Remove old disk from volume group:
# reducevg vg_name hdiskX
5. Remove old disk from ODM:
# rmdev -l hdiskX -d
NOTE: if this is rootvg then step 3 is:
3. Disk contains hd5?
# migratepv -l hd5 hdiskX hdiskY
# bosboot -ad /dev/hdiskY
# chpv -c hdiskX
# bootlist -m normal hdiskY
Migrate old disk to new disk:
# migratepv hdiskX hdiskY
FIX Disk in Missing or Removed State
1. Identify all LVs and file systems on failing disk:
# lspv -l hdiskY
2. Unmount all file systems on failing disk:
# umount /dev/lv_name
3. Remove all file systems and LVs from failing
disk:
# smit rmfs # rmlv lv_name
4. Remove disk from volume group:
# reducevg vg_name hdiskY
5. Remove disk from system:
# rmdev -l hdiskY -d
6. Add new disk to volume group:
# extendvg vg_name hdiskZ
7. Re-create all LVs and file systems on new disk:
# mklv -y lv_name # smit crfs
8. Restore file systems from backup:
# restore -rvqf /dev/rmt0
FIX Total rootvg Failure
1. Replace bad disk
2. Boot in maintenance mode
3. Restore from a mksysb tape
4. Import each volume group into the new ODM
(importvg) if needed
FIX Total non-rootvg Failure
1. Export the volume group from the system:
# exportvg vg_name
2. Check /etc/filesystems.
3. Remove bad disk from ODM and the system:
# rmdev -l hdiskX -d
4. Connect new disk.
5. If volume group backup is available (savevg):
# restvg -f /dev/rmt0 hdiskY
6. If no volume group backup is available: Recreate
...
- Volume group (mkvg)
- Logical volumes and file systems (mklv, crfs)
Restore data from a backup:
# restore -rqvf /dev/rmt0
CORRECT A MIRROR THAT HAS THE QUORUM ON WITH SINGLE
MIRROR:
A) rootvg:
chvg -Qn rootvg
bosboot -ad /dev/hdiskX
Reboot
B) non-rootvg
chvg -Qn datavg
varyoffvg datavg
varyonvg datavg
IMPORTING/EXPORTING A VOLUME GROUP
To export a volume group:
1. Unmount all file systems from the volume group:
# umount /dev/lv10
# umount /dev/lv11
2. Vary off the volume group:
# varyoffvg myvg
3. Export volume group:
# exportvg myvg
The complete volume group is removed from the ODM.
To import a volume group:
1. Configure the disk(s).
2. Import the volume group:
# importvg -y myvg hdisk3
3. Mount the file systems:
# mount /dev/lv10
# mount /dev/lv11
The complete volume group is added to the ODM.
STRIPING ACROSS SAN LUNS WITH MPIO (AIX 5.2 or >)
1) smitty
mkvg OR ex. mkvg -f -s 16
-y datavg hdisk1
#####create
new VG with the disks to be striped (i.e. SAN)
2) Exit
out then do:
lsvg
datavg ####Check
VG LTG ex. size (Dynamic): 256 kilobyte(s)
3) Do
a smitty mklv, take Logical Volume then Add Logical Volume and then you see all
the options. Make sure you select both disks in the "Physical Volume
names" field and change "stripe Size" (near the bottom) - by
hitting TAB (recommended 64K to 256K).
4) Once
created build the filesystem with: smitty jfs2
Take the "Add an Enhanced Journaled File System
on a Previously Defined Logical Volume"
Option find the LV
you just created.
5) Once
done don't forget to mount the new filesystem with: mount /mynewfs
6) NOTE:
lspath -l hdiskX to see paths or pcmpath query adapter (device) or datapath
query adapter (device) will show paths in >AIX 5.3
db6(root)
[/]# lspath -l hdisk113
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi0
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi0
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi0
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi0
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi3
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi3
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi3
Enabled hdisk113 fscsi3
Creating a JFS2 (Enhanced JFS) Filesystem:
mklv -y 'name_log' -t 'jfs2log' rootvg 2
Now do a smitty crfs to create an jfs2 filesystem
ERROR REPORTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
*******************************************************************************
errpt shows error headets
errpt
–a Shows detailed error logs
errpt
–a –j error_ID Shows specific error
Comfiguring the errpt:
smit errdaemon
smit errclear
Syslog monitoring
After changing /etc/syslog.conf:
# refresh -s syslogd
/usr/lpp/diagnostics/bin/diagrpt -r Run a diagnostics log
DUMPS:
sysdumpdev -l List
dump values
sysdumpdev -p /dev/sysdumpnull Deactivate
primary dump device
sysdumpdev -P -s /dev/rmt0 Change
secondary dump device
sysdumpdev -L Display
information about last dump
sysdumpdev -e Estimate Dump Device
sysdumpdev -C Turn on dump compression
dumpcheck Verifies
dump configuration
Sending a Dump to IBM
Copy all system configuration data including a dump
onto tape:
# snap -a -o /dev/rmt0
Note: There are some AIX 5L V5.3 enhancements to snap
Label tape with:
– Problem Management Record (PMR) number
– Command used to create tape
– Block size of tape
Support Center uses kdb to examine the dump
*******************************************************************************
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Issues:
1) ps
aux Checks %CPU and % mem per proces
2) sar
5 5
3) topas
OR topas –P
4) ps
–elf Shows high priority processes (normal nice NI value is 60)
5) tprof
#
tprof -x sleep 60
# more sleep.prof
6) vmstat
5 Look at PI/PO (page in/out) – if high system may need
more mem
If
WA is high, the system is waiting on I/O
7) svmon
-Pt 3 Display
top 3 memory hogs
8) iostat
10 2 Look
at I/O wait
9) filemon Monitors file usage
# filemon -o fmout
# trcstop
# more fmout
Using nice and renice (PRI and NI values):
# nice -n 15 backup_all &
# ps -el
# renice -n -10 3860
# ps –el
smtctl [ -m off | on [ -w boot | now]] Enable multithreading
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mkdev -c disk -s subclass -t type -p parentname
-w whereconnected –a pv=yes ----- Make a disk available as a
physical volume
chdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes --- Change physical device to a logical
volume
chpv -a n hdisk1
----turn off allocation permission, y turns it on
chpv -v r pvname
---change state of pv to unavailable, a makes available
rmdev -l hdisk1 ---removes a physical volume from
system
reducevg VGNname SourceDiskNumber ---remove a source disk from a volume group
rmdev -l SourceDiskNumber –d ---removes a physical disk
migratepv hdisk1 hdisk6 hdisk7 --- migrates physical partitions from 1 to 6
and 7
mkvg -y myvg -d 10 -s 8 hdisk1 hdisk5 ---make a volume group
chvg -ay newvg – turn on auto-vary on of a volume
group, n turns off
chvg -u newvg ---unlock a volume group after system
crash
extendvg newvg hdisk3
--- add physical drive to volume group
reducevg myvg hdisk3
----remove physical volume from volume group
reducevg VolumeGroup 000005265ac63976 --- remove
physical volume PVID (reference) from volume group
exportvg myvg | importvg myvg hdiskx ---- import or export a volume group
varyoffvg myvg | varyonvg myvg ---- vary on/off a
volume group
reorgvg vg02 lv03 lv04 lv07 ---- reoganize logical
volumes within a volume group
syncvg -p hdisk04 hdisk05 ---- sync copies of volumes on 4 and 5
mklv -y newlv -c 2 rootvg 10 ---- make logical volume
with 10 logical partitions of 2 physical partitions each
rmlv newlv --- remove logical volume
extendlv newlv 3
---add three more logical partitions to the logical volume
cplv -v myvg -y newlv oldlv ---This copies the contents of oldlv to a new
logical volume called newlv in the
volume group myvg.
lsvg | lsvg –il --- list logical volumes
lslv --- list logical volume properties
crfs -v jfs -g rootvg -a size=8192 -m /dummy
This will create a journaled file system of 4 MB with
/dummy as the mount point in the rootvg volume group.
mount / umount ---- mount and unmount filesystems
chfs -a size=<new size in 512-byte blocks>
<file system name> ---- change
filesystem size
logform LogName ---- create journaled filesystem log
lsfs –q filesystem ---determine large file enabled
filesystems
vmstat ----check system paging space
lsps –a -----list paging space utilization
chps--- Changes the attributes of a paging space.
lsps--- Displays the characteristics of a paging
space.
mkps--- Creates an additional paging space.
rmps--- Removes an inactive paging space.
swapon--- Activates a paging space.
pg /etc/swapspaces--- file tracking swapon swapspaces
mkszfile ---saves the system state for reinstallation
on the current system or on another system. Also creates the /image.data file.
mksysb -e /dev/rmt0 ---create bootable system image
with the -e flag to exclude the contents of the exclude.rootvg file
savevg -if /dev/rmt0 uservg ---back up uservg
tar -cvf /dev/fd0 *
---back up floppy files
cd /userdirectory
find . -depth | backup -i -f /dev/rmt0 ----backup using relative path
cd/
find /userdirectory -depth | cpio -o -c -v -B >
/dev/rmt0 ------back up using absolute
path
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind ---rewind a tape
restore -T -d -v -q -s4 -f /dev/rmt0.1 ----list info on tape
restore -x -d -v -q -s4 -f /dev/rmt0.1
./etc/hosts ---restore the hosts file
from tape, alternatively use tar -x -v -f /dev/rmt0 /etc/hosts
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind
restore -x -d -v -s4 -f/dev/rmt0.1 ./var/dt ---restore directory, alternatively tar -x -v
-f /dev/rmt0 /var/dt OR cpio -i -c -v -d -u -m -B < /dev/rmt0
"/var/dt/*"
dd if=/dev/rmt0 bs=51200 | restore –xvqf ---restore when block size unknown
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/ddcopy
dd if=/tmp/ddcopy of=/dev/fd0 ----duplicate diskette
tcopy /dev/rmt0 /dev/rmt1 ----duplicate tape
tctl -f /dev/rmt0 reset ---reset tape unit
System Resource Controller – controls subsystem
processes and can be checked by using:
man srcmstr
You can add : mkitab -i fbcheck
srcmstr:2:respawn:/usr/sbin/srcmstr
To /etc/inittab to start it then do a telinit q so it
will take effect
startsrc – start a process or process group
Syslog – configured from /etc/syslog.conf. To catch warning messages add a line to this
file such as:
*.warning /var/spool/syslog
chmod 666 /var/spool/syslog
refresh -s syslogd
stopsrc -s syslogd OR startsrc –s syslogd ----starts
or stops syslog daemon
crontab –e ------edits the system crontab file for
scheduling. Add a command to the file in
the following format: minute hour day_of_month month weekday command
crontab –l ---show commented housekeeping commands
that can be edited with crontab –e
skulker
----removes unwanted temp files
/usr/lib/spell/compress -----compress spell log
smdemon.cleanu ----cleans sendmail command queue
rc.tcpip
---file initializing inetd, rwhod, sendmail, gated, etc as well as lpd
and portmap which converts RPC program
numbers to Internet port numbers – can be stopped/started with startsrc or
stopsrc. Remove it to start with no
tcpip daemons
sh /etc/tcp.clean
---script to stop/start all tcpip daemons
refresh –s inetd ----refresh inetd after edit, which
controls telnet/ftp as well as some other service daemons
/etc/netsvc.conf
---overrides default resolution name resolution order i.e. hosts = bind,nis,local or by using the
command export NSORDER=bind,nis,local
/etc/resolv.conf
----sets name servers
no -o ipforwarding=1
---sets up ip routing. To
configure the interfaces themselves use smitty – setting lost after reboot so
set in a script
smit route ----smitty addroute command, alternatively
route add -net 192.168.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0 9.3.1.124
ifconfig tr0 9.3.1.96 netmask 255.255.255.0 alias
----IP Aliasing. To delete use ifconfig
tr0 9.3.1.96 netmask 255.255.255.0 delete
$HOME/.netrc
---sets up rexec and ftp automatic login
uname --- gets system information such as
release/version info.
mknfs –N
----starts NFS creation immediately, with –B starts on next reboot
w/inittab. Alternatively smitty mknfs or
startsrc nfsd
lssrc -a ---check to see if daemon is running in
entire list
/etc/exports
----NFS exports file. After
changing run : exportfs –a
exportfs -i /dirname
----immediately and temporarily NFS export a directory. exportfs –U /dirname immediately unexports a
directory after editing /etc/exports
/etc/vfs
---check to ensure nfs is default remote filesystem by commenting out
pound signs if they are present then restart
nfs
/etc/filesystems
---contains nfs mounts at startup or can also be mounted by running
mount –a
showmount ----shows current mounted filesystems
/usr/sbin/automount -v /backup /tmp/mount.map ---- Define a map file using the command line
interface where /backup is mount point.
An example map file can be found in /usr/samples/nfs. Then restart nfsd and automountd to
automatically mount
filesystems when they are
needed and called by a program.
lssrc –s nfsd ---list nfsd status
mount –t nfs_mount
----mount an nfs filesystem. Can
be unmounted with umount /dirname
The following is a list of NFS Commands.
chnfs Starts a specified number of biod and nfsd
daemons.
mknfs Configures the system to run NFS and starts NFS
daemons.
nfso Configures NFS network options.
automount Mounts an NFS automatically.
chnfsexp Changes the attributes of an NFS-exported
directory.
chnfsmnt Changes the attributes of an NFS-mounted
directory.
exportfs Exports and unexports directories to NFS
clients.
lsnfsexp Displays the characteristics of directories
that are exported
with NFS.
lsnfsmnt Displays the characteristics of mounted NFS
systems.
mknfsexp Exports a directory using NFS.
mknfsmnt Mounts a directory using NFS.
rmnfs Changes the configuration to stop the NFS
daemons.
rmnfsexp Removes NFS-exported directories from a
server's list of
exports.
rmnfsmnt Removes NFS-mounted file systems from a
client's list of
mounts.
/usr/bin/rpcinfo
-p server_name ----verify if nfs daemons
running and version/port info
If the rpc.mountd daemon dies after starting, and this
error is
received at a client machine, then do the following:
1. Telnet to the server and log in as root.
2. cd to the /etc directory
3. Enter stopsrc -g nfs.
4. Enter stopsrc -s portmap.
5. Enter rm -rf state sm sm.bak xtab rmtab.
6. Enter startsrc -s portmap.
7. Enter startsrc -g nfs.
8. Enter exportfs -a.
9. showmount -e servername.
Troubleshooting commands:
iostat Reports CPU and I/O statistics.
vmstat Reports virtual-memory activity and other system
statistics.
netstat Displays the contents of network-related data
structures.
ps Displays the status of processes.
lsattr Displays the attributes of devices.
lslv Displays information about a logical volume or
the logical volume
allocations of a physical volume.
nfsstat Displays statistics about Network File System
(NFS) and Remote
Procedure Call (RPC) activity.
nice Runs a command at higher- or lower-than-normal
priority.
no Displays or sets network options.
renice Changes the priority of one or more processes.
reorgvg Reorganizes the physical-partition allocation
within a volume
group.
sar Collects and reports or records system-activity
information.
time Prints the elapsed execution time and the user
and system
processing time attributed to a command.
trace Records and reports selected system events.
User Related Commands
mkuser Creates a new user.
passwd Creates or changes the password of user.
chuser Changes user attributes (except password).
lsuser Lists user attributes.
rmuser Removes a user and its attributes.
chsec Changes security related stanzas.
login Initiates a user session.
who Identifies the users currently logged in.
dtconfig Enables or disables the desktop autostart
feature.
/etc/security/environ Contains the environment
attributes for
users.
/etc/security/lastlog Contains the last login
attributes for users.
/etc/security/limits Contains process resource limits
for
users.
/etc/security/user Contains extended attributes for
users.
/usr/lib/security/mkuser.default Contains the default
attributes for new
users.
/etc/passwd Contains the basic attributes of users.
/etc/security/passwd Contains password information.
/etc/security/login.cfg Contains configuration
information for
login and user authentication.
/etc/utmp Contains the record of users logged into
the system.
/var/adm/wtmp Contains connect time accounting
records.
/etc/security/failedlogin Records all failed login
attempts.
/etc/motd Contains the message to be displayed
every time a user logs
in to the system.
/etc/environment Specifies the basic environment for
all
processes.
/etc/group Contains the basic attributes of groups.
/etc/security/group Contains the extended attributes
of
groups.
Prompt Variables
PS1 Prompt used as the normal system prompt.
PS2 Prompt used when the shell expects more input.
PS3 Prompt used when
you have root authority.
xinit
/usr/dt/bin/Xsession ----starts X11
/usr/dt/bin/dtlogin
–daemon ----start CDE
cat /var/dt/Xpid ----determine Login Manager PID then kill
with: kill -term process_id
/etc/qconfig ---contains AIX printer queue
definitions….printers are created using smitty
lpstat ---- displays information about the current
status of the line printer.
qstat ---- displays the current status information
regarding specified print jobs, print queues, or users.
lpq --- command
reports the status of the specified job or all jobs associated with the
specified UserName and JobNumber variables.
enq -D -P 'lpforu:lp0'
----disable print queue
qcan -Plpforu -x3 ----cancel print job
/var/spool/lpd/qdir ----place for print queue entries
startsrc -s
sendmail ----start sendmail,
alternatively use /usr/lib/sendmail
refresh -s
sendmail ---refresh sendmail after
config change
/usr/sbin/sendmail -q15d ---process the mail queue every 15 days. Use following time variables after q: s Seconds,m Minutes, h Hours,d Days,w
Weeks. With –v forces the queue to run.
/var/spool/mqueue
---sendmail queue location
SET THE FOLLOWING TO CONFIGURE SENDMAIL RELAYHOST:
In sendmail.cf
DS[postoffice.equifax.com]
The do a stopsrc and startsrc on sendmail.
Moving the mail queue:
1. Stop the sendmail daemon.
2. Move the entire queue directory by entering:
cd /var/spool
mv mqueue omqueue
3. Restart the sendmail daemon.
4. Process the old mail queue by entering:
/usr/sbin/sendmail -oQ/var/spool/omqueue -q
The -oQ flag specifies an alternate queue directory.
The -q flag specifies
to run every job in the queue. To get a report about
the progress of the
operation, use the -v flag. This operation can take a
long time.
5. Remove the log files and the temporary directory
when the queue is empty
by entering:
rm /var/spool/omqueue/*
rmdir /var/spool/omqueue
Logging Sendmail:
1. uncomment
this in /etc/syslog.conf ----mail.debug /var/spool/mqueue/log
2. refresh -s
syslogd
/usr/lib/smdemon.cleanu ----cleanup mail logs
touch /var/tmp/sendmail.st ---create file to track sendmail stats
/usr/sbin/mailstats
---display mail stats
Creating/Editing Mail Aliases
1. Edit the /etc/aliases file.
2. On a blank line, add an alias followed by a colon
(:) followed by a list of
comma-separated recipients. For example, the following
entry defines an
alias named programer to be the names of the people in
that group.
programer: john, smith, mary@sv1051c, bob@sv1051c
3. Create an owner for any distribution list aliases.
If the sendmail command
has trouble sending mail to the distribution list, it
sends an error message
to the owner of that list. For example, the owner of
the above list is root of
system sv1051a and is defined by the following entry in
/etc/aliases file:
owner-sys: root@sv1051a
4. Recompile the /etc/aliases file with
/usr/sbin/sendmail or newaliases.
mail user@system.domain ---mails a user
/usr/lib/X11/fs/config
----contains settings for the font server. Can be started with xfsconf then startsrc -s
xfs
Helpful Restore Commands:
tar The tar command manipulates archives by writing
files to, or
retrieving files from, an archive storage medium. The
files used by
the tar command are represented by the File parameter.
If the
File parameter refers to a directory, then that
directory and,
recursively, all files and directories within it are
referenced as well.
cpio The cpio command copies files into and out of
archive storage and
directories.
dd The dd command reads the InFile parameter or
standard input,
does the specified conversions, then copies the
converted data to
the OutFile parameter or standard output. The
input and output
block size can be specified to take advantage of raw
physical I/O.
mksysb The mksysb command creates an installable image
of the root
volume group either in a file or onto a bootable tape.
backup The backup command creates copies of your files
on a backup
medium, such as a magnetic tape or diskette. The
copies are in
one of the two backup formats: Either specific files
backed up
(using the -i flag), or the entire file system backed
up by i-node
restore The restore command reads archives created by
the backup
command and extracts the files stored on them. These
archives
can be in either file-name or file-system format.
AIX Command Crib Sheet
OS LEVEL : AIX
DATE : 29/01/2001
VERSION : 1.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MISCELLENEOUS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.rs6000.ibm.com/cgi-bin/ds_form
Web based man pages
oslevel
Returns operating system level
whence
(program)
Returns full path of program
whereis
(program)
Returms full path of program
what
(program)
Displays identifying info from the executable
like version number, when compiled.
lslpp -L
all
list all installed software
lslpp -L (program set name) Check if software installed
lslpp
-f
Lists filesets vs packages
lslpp -ha
Lists installation history of filesets
instfix -ik (fix number eg
IX66617) Checks id fix is installed
instfix -ik 4330-02_AIX_ML
compress -c file.txt >
file.Z Create a
compressed file.
uuencode (infile) (extract-file-name) >
(output file)
Converts a binary file to an ASCII file for transfer by modem or email
uudecode (encoded file)
Extracts a binary file from encoded file and calls it the extract-file-name
examples :-
uuencode maymap maymap > maymap.enc
uuencode maymap.enc
od -c
/tmp Displays
contents of the /tmp directory file
ls
-i
Lists files with their inode numbers
echo
*
Lists files, can be used if ls is corrupt/missing
alog -o -t
boot View the boot log
chtz (timezone eg
GMT0BST) Changes the timezone in
/etc/environment file
chlang (language eg En_GB) Changes
the language in /etc/environment file
ar -v -t (archive
file) List contents
of an archive
ar -v -x (archive file)
Extracts the archive
ar -v -t /usr/lib/libC-r.a Lists
contents of the libC_r.a library
find /source -print | cpio -pdm /target
Copying directories using cpio, creates /target/source directory.
dump -nTv (binary
executable) Displays the contents of an executable file
dump
-c Displays string information
dump -o Displays object file headers
dump -l Displays line numbers
dump -s Displays the text section
snap -ao
/dev/rmt0 Create a snapshot
onto tape
snap -ad (directory) Create a snapshot into
a named directory other
than the default (/tmp/ibmsupt)
/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d
Disables desktop logins
/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -e Enables desktop logins
/var/dt/Xpid
PID of the dtlogin process
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TERMINALS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tty
Displays what the tty/pty number of the terminal is.
termdef
reports the termtype setup in smit for the tty port
that termdef is run on.
chdev -l (device eg tty1) -a
term=vt100 Sets tty to a vt100 terminal type
penable tty0
adds getty line into /etc/inittab for tty0 and starts getty
pdisable tty0 disables the getty line and disables
getty
penable / pdisable -a option is for all
stty erase ^? Set
backspace key for vt100 terminals
stty erase ^H Set backspace key for wyse50 terminals
lscons
Displays the console device
chcons -a login=enable (device eg
/dev/tty1) Changes the console device
Create ttys on ports 0 to 7 on adapter sa2 :-
for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
do
mkdev -c tty1 -t tty -s rs232 -p sa2 -w$i -a login=enable -a term=vt100
done
portmir -t /dev/tty0
Mirror current terminal onto /dev/tty0
portmir
-o
Turns off port mirroring
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NETWORK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
host (ip or
hostname) Resolves a hostname / ip address
hostname
Displays hostname
hostname (hostname) Sets the hostname
until next reboot
chdev -l (device name) -a
hostname=(hostname) Changes hostname permanently
chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=thomas
ifconfig (device
name)
Displays network card settings
ifconfig (device name)
up Turns on network
card
ifconfig (device name) down
Turns off network card
ifconfig (device name) detach Removes the
network card from the
network interface list
ifconfig en0 inet 194.35.52.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ifconfig lo0 alias
195.60.60.1 Create alias ip address for loopback
route (add/delete) (-net/-host) (destination)
(gateway)
Adds or deletes routes to other networks or hosts, does not update
the ODM database and will be lost at reboot.
route add -net 194.60.89.0 194.60.90.4
lsattr -EHl
inet0
Displays routes set in ODM and hostname
odmget -q "name=inet0" CuAt
Displays routes set in ODM and hostname
refresh -s
inetd Refresh inetd
after changes to inetd.conf
kill -1 (inetd PID) Refresh inetd
after changes to inted.conf
netstat
-i
Displays interface statistics
entstat -d (ethernet adapter eg en0) Displays ethernet statistics
arp
-a Displays ip to mac address
table from arp cache
no
-a Displays network
options use -o to set individual options or
-d to set individual options to default.
no -o option=value (this value is reset at reboot)
no -o "ipforwarding=1"
traceroute (name or
ipaddress) Displays all the hops from
source to
destination supplied.
ping -R (name or
ipaddress) Same as
traceroute except repeats.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.F.S.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
exportfs
Lists all exported filesystems
exportfs
-a
Exports all fs's in /etc/exports file
exportfs -u
(filesystem) Un-exports a filesystem
mknfs
Configures and starts NFS services
rmnfs
Stops and un-configures NFS services
mknfsexp -d
/directory Creates an NFS
export directory
mknfsmnt
Creates an NFS mount directory
mount hostname:/filesystem
/mount-point Mount an NFS filesystem
nfso
-a
Display NFS Options
nfso -o
option=value
Set an NFS Option
nfso -o nfs_use_reserved_port=1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKUPS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MKSYSB
------
mkszfile
-f
Creates /image.data file (4.x onwards)
mkszfile
-X
Creates /fs.size file (3.x)
mksysb (device eg /dev/rmt0)
CPIO ARCHIVE
------------
find (filesystem) -print | cpio -ocv >
(filename or device)
eg find ./usr/ -print | cpio -ocv >
/dev/rmt0
CPIO RESTORE
------------
cpio -ict < (filename or device) |
more Lists archive
cpio -icdv < (filename or device)
cpio -icdv < (filename or device) ("files or directories to
restore")
eg cpio -icdv < /dev/rmt0
"tcpip/*"
Restore directory and contents
cpio -icdv < /dev/rmt0
"*resolve.conf" Restore a named
file
TAR ARCHIVE
-----------
tar -cvf (filename or device) ("files or
directories to archive")
eg tar -cvf /dev/rmt0 "/usr/*"
TAR RESTORE
-----------
tar -tvf (filename or
device)
Lists archive
tar -xvf (filename or
device)
Restore all
tar -xvf (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")
use -p option for restoring with orginal permissions
eg tar -xvf /dev/rmt0
"tcpip"
Restore directory and contents
tar -xvf /dev/rmt0
"tcpip/resolve.conf" Restore a named
file
AIX ARCHIVE
-----------
find (filesystem) -print | backup -iqvf
(filename or device)
Backup by filename.
eg find /usr/ -print | backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0
backup -(backup level 0 to 9) -f (filename or
device) ("filesystem")
Backup by inode.
eg backup -0 -f /dev/rmt0
"/usr" -u option updates
/etc/dumpdates file
AIX RESTORE
-----------
restore -qTvf (filename or
device)
Lists archive
restore -qvxf (filename or
device)
Restores all
restore -qvxf (filename or device) ("files or directories to
restore")
(use -d for restore directories)
restore -qvxf /dev/rmt0.1
"./etc/passwd" Restore /etc/passwd file
restore -s4 -qTvf
/dev/rmt0.1
Lists contents of a mksysb tape
BACKUPS ACROSS A NETWORK
------------------------
To run the backup on a local machine (cpio)
and backup on the remote
machine's (remhost) tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
find /data -print | cpio -ocv | dd obs=32k |
rsh remhost \
"dd ibs=32k obs=64k of=/dev/rmt0"
To restore/read the backup (cpio) on the
remote machine
dd ibs=64k if=/dev/rmt0 | cpio -icvt
To restore/read the backup (cpio) on the
local machine from the remote
machine's (remhost) tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
rsh remhost "dd ibs=64k obs=32k
if=/dev/rmt0" | dd ibs=32k \
| cpio -icvt
To run the backup (cpio) on a remote machine
(remhost) and backup to
the local machines tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
rsh remhost "find /data -print | cpio
-icv | dd ibs=32k" \
| dd ibs=32k obs=64k of=/dev/rmt0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copying diskettes and tape
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPYING DISKETTES
-----------------
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=(filename) bs=36b
dd if=(filename) of=/dev/fd0 bs=36b
conv=sync or flcopy
COPYING TAPES
-------------
dd if=/dev/rmt0 of=(filename)
dd if=(filename) of=/dev/rmt0 or
tcopy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VI Commands
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:g/xxx/s//yyy/ global change
where xxx is to be changed by yyy
sed 's(ctrl v ctrl m)g//g' old.filename >
new.filename
Strips out ^M characters from ascii files that have been transferred as binary.
To enter crontrol characters type ctrl v then ctrl ? where ? is whatever
ctrl character you need.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEVICES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lscfg
lists all installed devices
lscfg
-v
lists all installed devices in detail
lscfg -vl (device name) lists device
details
bootinfo
-b
reports last device the system booted from
bootinfo
-k
reports keyswitch position
1=secure, 2=service, 3=normal
bootinfo
-r
reports amount of memory (/ by 1024)
bootinfo -s (disk device) reports size of disk
drive
bootinfo
-T
reports type of machine ie rspc
lsattr -El sys0 -a
realmem reports amount of useable memory
mknod (device) c (major no) (minor
no) Creates a /dev/ device file.
mknod /dev/null1 c 2 3
lsdev
-C lists all customised devices ie
installed
lsdev -P lists all pre-defined
devices ie supported
lsdev -(C or P) -c (class) -t (type) -s (subtype)
chdev -l (device) -a (attribute)=(new
value) Change a device
attribute
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=80
lsattr -EH -l (device)
-D Lists the defaults in the
pre-defined db
lsattr -EH -l sys0 -a modelname
rmdev -l (device)
Change device state from available to defined
rmdev -l (device) -d Delete the
device
rmdev -l (device) -SR S stops device, R
unconfigures child devices
lsresource -l (device) Displays bus
resource attributes of a device.
Power Management (PCI machines)
-------------------------------
pmctrl
-a Displays
the Power Management state
rmdev -l
pmc0 Unconfigure Power Management
mkdev -l pmc0 Configure Power
Management
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TAPE DRIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rmt0.x where x = A + B + C
A =
density 0 =
high 4 = low
B = retension 0 =
no 2 = yes
C = rewind 0 =
no 1 = yes
tctl -f (tape device) fsf
(No) Skips forward (No) tape markers
tctl -f (tape device) bsf (No) Skips
back (No) tape markers
tctl -f (tape device)
rewind Rewind the tape
tctl -f (tape device) offline
Eject the tape
tctl -f (tape device)
status Show status of
tape drive
chdev -l rmt0 -a
block_size=512 changes block size to
512 bytes
(4mm = 1024, 8mm = variable but
1024 recommended)
bootinfo
-e
answer of 1 = machine can boot from a tape drive
answer of 0 = machine CANNOT boot from tape drive
diag -c -d (tape device)
Hardware reset a tape drive.
tapechk (No of
files) Checks
Number of files on tape.
<
/dev/rmt0
Rewinds the tape !!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINTERS / PRINT QUEUES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
splp
(device)
Displays/changes printer driver settings
splp /dev/lp0
export
$LPDEST="pqname" Set
default printer queue for login session
lsvirprt
Lists/changes virtual printer attributes.
rmvirprt -q queuename -d
queuedevice Removes a virtual printer
qpri -#(job No) -a(new
priority)
Change a queue job priority.
qhld -#(job No)
Put a hold on hold
qhld -r #(job
No)
Release a held job
qchk
-A
Status of jobs in queues
lpstat
lpstat
-p(queue)
Status of jobs in a named queue
qcan -x (job
No)
Cancel a job from a queue
cancel (job No)
enq -U
-P(queue)
Enable a queue
enable (queue)
enq -D
-P(queue)
Disable a queue
disable (queue)
qmov -m(new queue) -#(job No) Move a
job to another queue
startsrc -s
qdaemon Start
qdaemon sub-system
lssrc -s
qdaemon
List status of qdaemon sub-system
stop -s
qdaemon
Stop qdaemon sub-system
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILE SYSTEMS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical Volumes (PV's)
-----------------------
lspv
Lists all physical volumes (hard disks)
lspv
(pv)
Lists the physical volume details
lspv -l
(pv)
Lists the logical volumes on the physical volume
lspv -p
(pv)
Lists the physical partition usage for that PV
chdev -l (pv) -a
pv=yes Makes a new hdisk a pysical volume.
chpv -v r
(pv)
Removes a disk from the system.
chpv -v a
(pv)
Adds the removed disk back into the system.
chpv -a y
(pv)
Changes pv allocatable state to YES
chpv -a n
(pv)
Changes pv allocatable state to NO
migratepv (old pv) (new
pv) Moves all LV's
from one PV to another PV, both
PV's must be in the same volume group.
Volume Groups (VG's)
--------------------
lsvg
Lists all volume groups
lsvg (vg) Lists the volume
group details
lsvg -l (vg) Lists all logical volumes in the
volume group
lsvg -p (vg) Lists all physical volumes in the
volume group
lsvg -o Lists all
varied on volume groups
varyonvg
(vg) Vary On a
volume group
varyonvg -f (vg) Forces the varyon
process
varyonvg -s (vg) Vary on a VG in
maintenance mode. LV
commands can be
used on VG, but LV,s
cannot be opened for I/O.
varyoffvg (vg) Vary Off a
volume group
synclvodm
(vg) Tries to resync
VGDA, LV
control blocks and ODM.
mkvg -y(vg) -s(PP size)
(pv) Create a volume group
mkvg -y datavg -s 4 hdisk1
reducevg -d (vg) (pv) Removes a
volume group
reducevg (vg) (PVID) Removes the PVID disk reference from the
VGDA when a
disk has vanished without the reducevg (vg) (pv)
command being run first.
extendvg (vg) (new pv) Adds another
PV into a VG.
exportvg
(vg)
Exports the volume group eg deletes it!
Note : Cannot export a VG if it has active
paging space, turn off paging,
reboot before exporting VG. Exporting
removes entries from filesystems
file but does not remove the mount points.
chvg -a y
(vg)
Auto Vary On a volume group at system start.
lqueryvg -Atp
(pv)
Details volume group info for the hard disk.
importvg -y (vg name)
(pv) Import a volume group from a disk.
importvg
(pv)
Same as above but VG will be called vg00 etc.
chvg -Q (y/n) (vg
name) Turns on/off Quorum
checking on a vg.
Logical Volumes (LV's)
----------------------
lslv
(lv)
Lists the logical volume details
lslv -l
(lv)
Lists the physical volume which the LV
is on
mklv (vg) (No of PP's) (pv Name
optional) Create a logical volume
mklv -y (lv) (PP's) (pv name
optional) Creates a named
logical volume
chlv -n (new lv) (old
lv)
Rename a logical volume
extendlv (lv) (extra No of
PP's)
Increase the size of an LV
rmlv
(lv)
Remove a logical volume
mklv/extendlv -a = PP alocation policy
-am = middle -ac = center -ae = edge
-aie = inner edge -aim = inner middle
migratepv -l (lv) (old pv) (new pv)
Move a logical volume between physical volumes. Both physical volumes
must be in the same volume group !
mklv -y (lv) -t jfslog (vg) (No of PP's) (pv
Name optional)
Creates a JFSlog logical volume.
logform
(/dev/lv) Initialises an LV for use as an JFSlog
getlvcb -AT
(lv) Displays Logical Volume Control
Block information
File Systems (FS's)
-------------------
lsfs
Lists all filesystems in the
lsfs -q (fs) Lists the file system details
mount
Lists all the mounted filesystems
mount (fs or lv) Mounts a named filesystem
mount -a
Mounts all filesystems
mount all
mount -r -v cdrfs /dev/cd0
/cdrom mounts cd0 drive over /cdrom
crfs -v jfs -d(lv) -m(mount point) -A yes
Will create a file system on the whole of the logical volume, adds entry into
/etc/filesystems and will create mount point directory if it does not exist.
crfs -v jfs -g(vg) -m(mount point) -a
size=(size of fs) -A yes
Will create a logical volume on the volume group and create the file system on
the logical volume. All at the size stated. Will add entry into
/etc/filesystems and will create the mount point directory if it does not
exist.
chfs -A yes
(fs)
Change file system to Auto mount in
/etc/filesystems
chfs -a size=(new fs size)(fs) Change file system size
rmfs
(fs) Removes
the file system and will also remove the
LV if there are
no onther file systems on it.
defrag -q
(fs) Reports the fragment status of the
file system.
defragfs -r (fs) Runs in report only defrag mode (no
action).
defragfs (fs) Defragments a file
system.
fsck
(fs) Verify a
file system, the file system must be unmounted!
fsck (-y or -n) (fs) Pre-answer questions either yes or no !
fsck -p (fs) Will restore
primary superblock from backup copy if the
superblock is corrupt.
Mirroring
---------
mklv -y (lv) -c(copies 2 or 3) (vg) (No of
PP's) (PV Name optional)
Creates a mirrored named logical volume.
mklvcopy -s n (lv) (copies 2 or 3) (pv)
Creates a copy of a logical volume onto another physical volume. The physical
volume MUST be in the same volume group as the orginal logical volume !
rmlvcopy (lv) (copies 1 or
2)
Removes logical volume copies.
rmlvcopy (lv) (copies 1 or 2) (pv)
From this pv only!
syncvg -p
(pv)
Synchronize logical partion copies
syncvg -l (lv)
syncvg -v (vg)
mirrorvg (vg) (pv)
Mirrors the all the logical volumes in a volume group onto a new physical
volume. New physical volume must already be part of the volume group.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOT LOGICAL VOLUME (BLV)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bootlist -m (normal or service)
-o
displays bootlist
bootlist -m (normal or service) (list of
devices) change bootlist
bootinfo
-b
Identifies the bootable disk
bootinfo
-t
Specifies type of boot
bosboot -a -d
(/dev/pv) Creates a complete boot image on a
physical volume.
mkboot -c -d (/dev/pv)
Zero's out the boot records on the physical volume.
savebase -d
(/dev/pv) Saves customised ODM info
onto the boot device.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM DUMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sysdumpdev
-l Lists current dump destination.
sysdumpdev -e Estimates dumpsize of
the current system in bytes.
sysdumpdev -L Displays information
about the previous dump.
sysdumpstart -p
Starts a dump and writes to the primary dump device.
sysdumpstart -s Starts a dump and writes to the
secondary dump device.
(MCA machine can also dump if key is in
service position and the reset
button is pressed)
sysdumpdev -p (dump device)
-P Sets the default dump device,
permanently
Analyse dump file :-
echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGING SPACE (PS's)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lsps
-a
Lists out all paging space
lsps
-s
Displays total paging and total useage
lsps (ps)
mkps -s(No of 4M blocks) -n -a (vg)
mkps -s(No of 4M blocks) -n -a (vg) (pv)
-n = don't activate/swapon
now
-a = activate/swapon at reboot
chps -a n
(ps)
Turns off paging space.
chps -s(No of 4M blocks) (ps)
Increases paging space.
chlv -n (new name) (old
name) Change paging space name
rmps
(ps)
Remove paging space. PS must have been turned off
and then the system rebooted before it can be removed.
Note : Need to change the swapon entry in
/sbin/rc.boot script if you are
changing the default paging space from
/dev/hd6. You also need to
do a "bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx"
before the reboot.
/etc/swapspaces
File that lists all paging space devices that are
activated/swapon during reboot.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCHEDULING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
crontab
-l
List out crontab entrys
crontab
-e
Edit crontab entrys
crontab -l >
(filename) Output
crontab entrys to a file
crontab
(filename)
Enter a crontab from a file
crontab
-r
Removes all crontab entrys
crontab
-v
Displays crontab submission time.
/var/adm/cron/cron.allow
File containing users allowed crontab use.
/var/adm/cron/cron.deny File
containing users denied crontab use.
/var/adm/cron/crontab
Directory containing users crontab entries.
at (now + 2 minutes, 13:05, etc)
{return} Schedule a job using at
Command or schell script {return}
{CTRL D}
at -l
atq
Lists out jobs scheduled to run via at command
at -r (at job No)
atrm (at job No) Removes an at
job scheduled to run.
/var/adm/cron/at.allow File
containing users allowed at use.
/var/adm/cron/at.deny File containing users denied at use.
/var/adm/cron/atjobs Directory containing users at
entries.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
groups
Lists out the groups that the user is a member of
setgroups Shows user and process
groups
chmod abcd
(filename) Changes files/directory
permissions
Where a is (4 SUID) + (2 SGID) +
(1 SVTX)
b is (4 read) + (2 write) + (1
execute) permissions for owner
c is (4 read) + (2 write) + (1
execute) permissions for group
d is (4 read) + (2 write) + (1
execute) permissions for others
-rwxrwxrwx
-rwxrwxrwx -rwxrwxrwx
|||
||| |||
-
-
-
|
|
|
Owner
Group Others
-rwSrwxrwx = SUID
-rwxrwSrwx = SGID drwxrwxrwt = SVTX
chown (new owner)
(filename) Changes file/directory
owners
chgrp (new group) (filename) Changes
file/directory groups
chown (new owner).(new group)
(filename) Do both !!!
umask
Displays umask settings
umask
abc
Changes users umask settings
where ( 7 - a = new file read permissions)
( 7 - b = new file write permissions)
( 7 - c = new file execute permissions)
eg umask 022 = new file permissions of 755 =
read write and execute for owner
read ----- and execute for group
read ----- and execute for other
mrgpwd >
file.txt
Creates a standard password file in file.txt
passwd
Change current user password
pwdadm
(username)
Change a users password
pwdck -t
ALL
Verifies the correctness of local authentication
lsgroup
ALL
Lists all groups on the system
mkgroup (new
group)
Creates a group
chgroup (attribute) (group) Change a group
attribute
rmgroup
(group)
Removes a group
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
passwd
-f
Change current users gecos (user description)
passwd
-s
Change current users shell
chfn
(username)
Changes users gecos
chsh (username) (shell)
Changes users shell
env
Displays values of environment variables
printenv
id
Displays current user's uid and gid details
id (user) Displays user uid and gid
details
whoami
Displays current user details
who am i (or who -m)
who
Displays details of all users currently logged in.
w
who -b Displays
system reboot time
uptime
Displays number of users logged in, time since last
reboot, and the machine load averages.
lslicense
Displays number of current user licensese
chlicense -u (number) Changes the
number of user licenses
lsuser
ALL
Lists all users details
lsuser
(username)
Lists details for user
lsuser -a(attribute) (username or ALL) Lists user attributes
lsuser -a home ALL
mkuser -a(attributes)
(newuser) Add a new user
chuser (attributes)
(user)
Change a user
chuser login=false
(user)
Lock a user account
rmuser -p
(user)
Removes a user and all entries in security files
usrck -t
ALL
Checks all the user entires are okay.
fuser -u (logical
volume) Displays processes using the files in that LV
lsattr -D -l sys0 -a
maxuproc Displays max number of
processes per user
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=(number) Changes max number of processes
per user
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REMOTE USERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ruser -a -f
(user) Adds entry into /etc/ftpusers file
ruser -a -p (host) Adds entry into
/etc/host.lpd file
ruser -a -r (host) Adds entry into
/etc/hosts.equiv file
ruser -d -f
(user) Deletes entry in /etc/ftpusers file
ruser -d -p (host) Deletes entry in
/etc/host.lpd file
ruser -d -r (host) Deletes entry in
/etc/hosts.equiv file
ruser -s
-F
Shows all entries in /etc/ftpusers file
ruser -s
-P
Shows all entries in /etc/host.lpd file
ruser -s
-R
Shows all entries in /etc/hosts.equiv file
ruser -X
-F
Deletes all entries in /etc/ftpusers file
ruser -X
-P
Deletes all entries in /etc/host.lpd file
ruser -X
-R
Deletes all entries in /etc/hosts.equiv file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INITTAB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
telinit
S
Switches to single user mode.
telinit
2
Switches to multi user mode.
telinit
q
Re-examines /etc/inittab
lsitab
-a
Lists all entries in inittab
lsitab (ident eg tty1) Lists the tty1 entry in inittab
mkitab
("details") Creates a new inittab
entry
chitab ("details") Ammends an
existing inittab entry
rmitab (ident eg tty1) Removes an
inittab entry.
chitab "tty1:2:respawn:/usr/bin/getty
/dev/tty1"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ODM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
odmget -q "name=lp1" CuDv
|more Gets lp1 info from pre-defined database.
odmget -q "name-lp1" CuAt
|more Gets lp1 info from customised database.
odmdelete -o CuAt -q
"name=lp1" Deletes lp1 info from customised
db.
odmget -q "name=lp1" CuAt >
lp1.CuAt Export ODM info to text file.
odmadd <
lp1.CuAt
Import ODM info from text file.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR LOGGING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/errdemon
-l Displays errorlog
attributes.
/usr/lib/errdemon
Starts error logging.
/usr/lib/errstop
Stops error logging.
errpt
Displays summary errorlog report.
errpt
-a
Displays detailed errorlog report.
errpt -j (identifier) Displays singe
errorlog report.
Note : errorlog classes are H=Hardware
S=Software O=Information V=Undetermined
errclear
(days)
Deletes all error classes in the errorlog.
errclear -d (class) (days) Deletes all error class entries in
errlog.
Note : The errclear command will delete all
entries older than the numbers of
days specified in the days paramenter. To
delete ALL entries used 0.
errlogger "message up to 230 chrs"
Enters an operator notifaction message into the errorlog.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vmstat (drive) (interval)
(count) Reports virtual memory
statistics.
vmstat hdisk0 5 20
vmstat
-s
Diplays number of paging events since system start.
vmstat
-f
Diplays number of forks since system start.
vmstat
-i
Diplays number of interupts by device since system start.
iostat (drive) (interval)
(count) Reports i/o and cpu
statistics.
iostat hdisk0 5 20
iostat -d (drive) (interval)
(count) Limits report to drive statistics.
iostat -t (interval)
(count)
Limits report to tty statistics.
sar -u -P ALL 10 10
Displays %usr %sys %wio %idle for all processors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOS DISKETTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dosdir
Reads directory listing of a diskette
dosdir (directory) Reads directory
listing of a named directory
dosread -D/dev/fd0 C41.TXT
c41.txt Gets C41.TXT from diskette
drive fd0
dosread -D/dev/fd0 DIRECTORY/C41.TXT c41.txt
(-D option can be dropped if using fd0)
doswrite -D/dev/fd0 (unixfile)
(dosfile) Writes a file to diskette
dosdel
(dosfile)
Deletes a dos file on diskette
dosformat
Formats the diskette
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SENDMAIL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sendmail
-bi Creates new aliase db from /etc/aliase
file.
newaliases
sendmail
-bp Displays the contents of the mail queue
mailq
sendmail
-q Processe the sendmail queue NOW
sendmail -bt -d0.4 < /dev/null
Prints out sendmail version, compile defines and system information
refresh -s
sendmail
Restart sendmail
kill -l (sendmail PID)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SP / PSSP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dsh
(command)
Runs the command on all the nodes
Efence
Diplays which node are currently fenced
Efence (node number) Fences the
node
Eunfence (node
number) Unfences the node
Estart
Starts the switch
spmon
-q
Starts SP monitor in gui
spmon -d
-G
Diag info, lists LED and switch info for all nodes
spmon -L frame1/node3 Displays LED for node 3 in frame 1
spmon -p off frame1/node3
Powers off the node
spmon -p on frame1/node3 Powers on the node
spled
Diplays all the nodes LED's in a updating gui
s1term -w (frame number) (node number)
Opens serial terminal (read and write)
s1term (frame number) (node number) Opens serial
terminal (read only)
Example :-
s1term 1 1
Opens a serial terminal to console port on frame 1 node 1
which is read only. When rebooting a node use read only.
splstdata -e Lists site
environment database information
-d
Displays df command from each node
-n
Lists node configuration
-h
Diplays lscfg command from each node
-s
Lists switch node information
-b
Lists boot/installation information
-a
Lists LAN database information
-i
Displays netstat -in command from each node
MPIO (AIX 5.3 Default)
Check the paths and Multipathing (if not using MPIO)
with datapath (or pcmpath) query adapter (or device)
The syntax to take paths offline for sddpcm is :
pcmpath set device M path N offline
where as M and N are the device number and path number
for pcmpath query device output shown above for example for hdisk83
pcmpath set device 83 path 2 offline to take path2 offline
MKPATH:
-------
1. To define
and configure an already defined path between scsi0 and the hdisk1 device at
SCSI ID 5 and LUN 0 (i.e., connection 5,0), enter:
mkpath -l
hdisk1 -p scsi0 -w 5,0
The system
displays a message similar to the following:
path
available
2. To
configure an already defined path from 'fscsi0' to fiber channel disk 'hdisk1',
the command would be:
mkpath -l
hdisk1 -p fscsi0
The
message would look similar to:
path
available
3. To only
add to the Customized Paths object class a path definition between scsi0 and
the hdisk1 disk device at SCSI ID 5 and LUN 0, enter:
mkpath -d
-l hdisk1 -p scsi0 -w 5,0
The system
displays a message similar to the following:
path
defined
RMPATH:
-------
1. To
unconfigure the path from scsi0 to hdisk1 at connection 5,0, type:
rmpath -l
hdisk1 -p scsi0 -w "5,0"
The
message generated would be similar to:
path
defined
2. To
unconfigure all paths from scsi0 to hdisk1, type:
rmpath -l
hdisk1 -p scsi0
If all
paths were successfully unconfigured, the message generated would be similar
to:
paths
defined
However,
if only some of the paths were successfully unconfigured, the message would be
similar to:
some paths
defined
3. To
undefine the path definition between scsi0 and hdisk1 at connection 5,0, type:
rmpath -d
-l hdisk1 -p scsi0 -w "5,0"
The
message generated would be similar to the following:
path
deleted
4. To
unconfigure all paths from scsi0 to hdisk1, type:
rmpath -d
-l hdisk1 -p scsi0
The
message generated would be similar to:
paths
deleted
CHPATH:
-------
To disable the paths between scsi0 and the hdisk1 disk
device, enter:
chpath -l hdisk1 -p scsi0 -s disable
The system displays a message similar to one of the
following:
paths disabled
or
some paths enabled
The first message indicates that all PATH_AVAILABLE
paths from scsi0 to hdisk1 have been successfully enabled. The second message
indicates that only some of the PATH_AVAILABLE paths from scsi0 to hdisk1 have
been successfully disabled.
LSPATH:
-------
1. To display
the status of all paths to hdisk1 with column headers, enter:
lspath -H
-l hdisk1
The system
will display a message similar to the following:
status device parent
enabled hdisk1 scsi0
disabled hdisk1 scsi1
missing hdisk1 scsi2
2. To
display, without column headers, the set of paths whose operational status is
disabled, enter:
lspath -s
disabled
The system
will display a message similar to the following:
disabled hdisk1 scsi1
disabled hdisk2 scsi1
disabled hdisk23 scsi8
disabled hdisk25 scsi8
3. To display
the set of paths whose operational status is failed, enter:
lspath -s
failed
The system
will display a message similar to the following:
failed hdisk1 scsi1
failed hdisk2 scsi1
failed hdisk23 scsi8
failed hdisk25 scsi8
4. To display
in a user-specified format, without column headers, the set of paths to hdisk1
whose path status is available enter:
lspath -l
hdisk1 -s available -F"connection:parent:path_status:status"
The system
will display a message similar to the following:
5,0:scsi0:available:enabled
6,0:scsi1:available:disabled
Note that
this output shows both the path status and the operational status of the
device. The path status simply indicates whether the path is configured or not.
The operational status indicates how the path is being used with respect to
path selection processing in the device driver. Only paths with a path status
of available also have an operational status. If a path is not currently
configured into the device driver, it does not have an operational status.
Examples of displaying path attributes:
1. If the
target device is a SCSI disk, to display all attributes for the path to parent
scsi0 at connection 5,0, use the command:
lspath
-AHE -l hdisk10 -p scsi0 -w "5,0"
The system
will display a message similar to the following:
attribute value description user_settable
weight 1 Order of path failover selection true
SCRIPTS TO USE IN /USR/LOCAL/SCRIPTS
DB2(root)
[/usr/local/scripts]# cat errclear.ksh
#!/bin/ksh
errclear -j 72206E77 0
DB2(root)
[/usr/local/scripts]# cat errcopy_clear.ksh
#!/bin/ksh
thedate=$(date +%y%m%d%HH%MM)
errpt > /tmp/errpt
errpt -a >> /tmp/errpt
cp /tmp/errpt /tmp/errpt.$thedate
errclear 0
cat /dev/null > /tmp/monitor_log
cat /dev/null > /tmp/monitor_log_1
exit 0
AIX FIND FILESYSTEM ONLY
find / -xdev -size +200 -exec ls -l {} ';'
source- online
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