Disk partition - step by step guide
# cat /root/disklist
#!/bin/bash
#
fdisk -l | grep Disk | egrep "GB|MB" | awk '{print $2 " " $3 " " $4}' | \
awk -F"," '{print $1}' | awk -F: '{print $1 " " $2 }'
[root@bishal ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/root
[root@bishal ~]# chmod u+x disklist
[root@bishal ~]# disklist
[root@bishal ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0006efee
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
[root@bishal ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0006efee
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
[root@bishal ~]# echo "- - -
> ^C
[root@bishal ~]# echo "- - -" >/sys/class/scsi_host/host
host0/ host1/ host2/
[root@bishal ~]# echo "- - -" >/sys/class/scsi_host/host[0,1,2]/scan
-bash: /sys/class/scsi_host/host[0,1,2]/scan: ambiguous redirect
[root@bishal ~]# echo "- - -" >/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@bishal ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0006efee
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@bishal dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0006efee
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@bishal dev]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb70de004.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-16777215, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-16777215, default 16777215): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (4196352-16777215, default 4196352):
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-16777215, default 16777215): +3G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 3 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (10487808-16777215, default 10487808):
Using default value 10487808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-16777215, default 16777215): +8G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-16777215, default 16777215): 1
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-16777215, default 16777215): +1G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 10487808 12584959 1048576 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e
Selected partition 4
First sector (12584960-16777215, default 12584960):
Using default value 12584960
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (12584960-16777215, default 16777215):
Using default value 16777215
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 10487808 12584959 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 12584960 16777215 2096128 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (12587008-16777215, default 12587008):
Using default value 12587008
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (12587008-16777215, default 16777215): +1G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 10487808 12584959 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 12584960 16777215 2096128 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 12587008 14684159 1048576 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (14686208-16777215, default 14686208):
Using default value 14686208
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (14686208-16777215, default 16777215):
Using default value 16777215
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 1021 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 10487808 12584959 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 12584960 16777215 2096128 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 12587008 14684159 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 14686208 16777215 1045504 83 Linux
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@bishal dev]# part
parted partprobe partx
[root@bishal dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0006efee
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb70de004
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 4196352 10487807 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 10487808 12584959 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 12584960 16777215 2096128 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 12587008 14684159 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 14686208 16777215 1045504 83 Linux
[root@bishal dev]# if you don't see partition^C
[root@bishal dev]# partx /dev/sdc
NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G
2 4196352 10487807 6291456 3G
3 10487808 12584959 2097152 1G
4 12584960 16777215 4192256 2G
5 12587008 14684159 2097152 1G
6 14686208 16777215 2091008 1021M
[root@bishal dev]# mkfs.
mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.fat mkfs.minix mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat mkfs.xfs
[root@bishal dev]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1
meta-data=/dev/sdc1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@bishal dev]# pwd
/dev
[root@bishal dev]# mkdir /opt/apps1
[root@bishal dev]# df -h /opt/apps1
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 9.3G 8.5G 53% /
[root@bishal dev]# mount /dev/sdc1 /opt/apps1/
[root@bishal dev]# echo $?
0
[root@bishal dev]# df -h /opt/apps1/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /opt/apps1
[root@bishal dev]# cd /opt/apps
-bash: cd: /opt/apps: No such file or directory
[root@bishal dev]# cd /opt/apps1/
[root@bishal apps1]# echo "Life is beautiful">greet.txt
[root@bishal apps1]# cat greet.txt
Life is beautiful
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Mar 19 09:51 greet.txt
[root@bishal apps1]# cd ..
[root@bishal opt]# umount /opt/apps1/^C
[root@bishal opt]# cd -
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# umount /opt/apps1
umount: /opt/apps1: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@bishal apps1]# fuser /opt/apps1
/opt/apps1: 7649c
[root@bishal apps1]# pst
pstack pstree pstree.x11 pstruct
[root@bishal apps1]# pstr
pstree pstree.x11 pstruct
[root@bishal apps1]# pstree 7649
bash───pstree
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# lsof /opt/apps1/
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash 7649 root cwd DIR 8,33 22 128 /opt/apps1
lsof 9573 root cwd DIR 8,33 22 128 /opt/apps1
lsof 9574 root cwd DIR 8,33 22 128 /opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# cd /
[root@bishal /]# pwd
/
[root@bishal /]# fuser /opt/apps1
[root@bishal /]# lsof /opt/apps1/
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
[root@bishal /]# umount /opt/apps1/
[root@bishal /]# df -h /opt/apps1
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 9.3G 8.5G 53% /
[root@bishal /]# cd /opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# ls
[root@bishal apps1]# ls -l
total 0
[root@bishal apps1]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 19 09:49 .
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 42 Mar 19 09:49 ..
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# cat > myfile.txt
This file is from root, not on mountpoint
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42 Mar 19 09:57 myfile.txt
[root@bishal apps1]# df -h .
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 9.3G 8.5G 53% /
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# cd ..
[root@bishal opt]# mount /dev/sdc1 /opt/apps1/
[root@bishal opt]# df -h / opt/apps1
df: ‘opt/apps1’: No such file or directory
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 9.3G 8.5G 53% /
[root@bishal opt]# df -h /opt/apps1/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /opt/apps1
[root@bishal opt]# cd /opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Mar 19 09:51 greet.txt
[root@bishal apps1]# pwd
/opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]# cat greet.txt
Life is beautiful
[root@bishal apps1]# df -h /opt/apps1/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /opt/apps1
[root@bishal apps1]#
[root@bishal app2]# df -h .
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdf2 1014M 33M 982M 4% /opt/app2
[root@bishal app2]# blkid /dev/sdf2
/dev/sdf2: UUID="369645b2-831a-4c8b-bbad-926408849e08" TYPE="xfs"
[root@bishal app2]# vi /etc/fstab
UUID="369645b2-831a-4c8b-bbad-926408849e08" /opt/app1 xfs defaults 0 0
[root@bishal app2]# df -h
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