lp print
ls list
pwd Present Working Directory
cat Views file
more Displays text file one screen at a time
file Displays file type
less Displays file with scroll and search capability
date Displays or changes system date
system-config-date Opens a GUI tool to Display or change system date
passwd Changes password
id [username] Displays user and group information for specified username
su - username Switches user while keeping environmental variables
su username Switches user without environmental variables
su - Switches to root user
exit Exits su to original user
chage Sets password age limit
whoami Shows original user id logged in as
groups Shows group memberships for each username
history Shows commands entered since login
!# Enters command with command history number #
!A Enters last command with the first letter A
[partial command] TAB TAB Displays commands similar to partial command entered
bg Runs a process ID in the background
fg Runs a process ID in the foreground
ctrl Z Breaks or pauses a process
ctrl C Kills a process
jobs Shows jobs running on machine
ctrl-alt-f5 Switches to virtual console 5
ctrl-alt-f1 Returns to GUI from virtual console
virt-manager Opens a GUI tool for virtual machine manager
echo $PATH Displays path of commands used
echo $ Displays environmental variable value or prints script info to user screen
cd Changes directory
cp Copies files
ln Creates a hard link
ln -s Creates a symbolic link or alias
mv Moves a file
rm Removes a file or directory
touch Creates or updates access and modification times of a file
mkdir Creates a directory
rmdir Removes an empty directory
alias Creates a command alias in .bashrc file
reset Clears terminal log history and terminal window
clear Clears terminal window but not log
where is Locates executable command paths
locate Searches for a file path in nightly indexed file database
updatedb Creates or updates the indexed file database used by locate command
find Searches for a file in a directory hierarchy
system-release Displays RedHat Version information
nano Text editor and file creator
gedit Opens a GUI text editor
man Opens a manual page for a command
man -k Suggests manual page similar to text entered
makewhatis Updates man database after packet installation
pinfo Advanced lynx based viewer for commands info page or its manual page if one does not exist
firefox Opens a GUI web browser
sudo Allows a user to execute a command at another users access level
lpadmin Configures a printer
lp [filename] Prints filename to default printer
palimpsest Opens a GUI disk utility
fdisk Mbr disk partitioner
df -h Shows mapping of disk partitions
mount Mounts a directory as a partition
umount Unmounts a directory as a partition
pvcreate Creates a logical physical volume
pvdisplay Displays logical physical volumes
vgcreate Creates a volume group from physical volume physical extents
vgdisplay Displays volume groups
lvcreate Creates a logical volume made of physical extents
lvdisplay Displays logical volumes
mkfs Formats a partition and creates a filesystem
vgextend Extends a volume group to a new partition
resize2fs Extends a logical volume group filesystem
lsblk Displays overview of partitions and logical volumes
kill -l Displays a list of process signals
kill Sends a signal to a process
nice Runs a command with a modified niceness scheduling priority
renice Alters the niceness scheduling priority of a process
top Opens command line process manager
ps Displays processes running from current window
ps -e Displays every process running on system
du Displays disk usage
du -sh Displays total disk usage of all directorys under current directory
yum Yellowdog updater modified package manager
rpm Redhat package manager
Package manager that does not resolve dependencies Rpm package manager
Package manager that does resolve dependencies Yum package manager
createrepo Creates yum repository
system-config-network Opens a GUI for configuring network interfaces
arp Modify the system arp cache
ip Displays IP address and network information similar to ifconfig
ifconfig Displays IP address and network information similar to ip
route Displays or modifies routing table of system
iproute Second way to display routing table of system
netstat -r Display only routing table of system
host Simple DNS hostname or IP look up tool based on the same engine as DIG
nslookup Older DNS lookup tool that queries it's own DNS table before contacting a DNS server and then showing IP and Host as well as the lookup server
hostname Displays or nonpersistantly modifies hostname entry in /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
service network restart Restarts network services with new settings
dig In depth DNS lookup utility similar to host that gives entire DNS message
tail Displays last ten lines of a file
chsh Changes shell
chage Changes password aging similar to passwd-x or usermod
passwd -x Changes password aging similar to chage or usermod
usermod Changes user attributes
useradd Adds a user to passwd but will not assign a password
groupadd Adds a group to groups or directory
chown Changes user ownership of a file or directory
chmod Changes mode of a file
chgrp Changes group ownership of a file or directory
ssh Opens a secure shell terminal
scp Secure copies a file
rsync Syncs remote files to local files
ssh-keygen Generates, manages, and converts authentication keys for ssh
ssh-copy-id Installs ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub in a remote machines ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file
file-roller Opens a GUI archive manager
chkconfig Displays or modifies services run at boot
vncpasswd Sets your VNC password on the VNC server
vncviewer Opens a GUI VNC window
getsebool Displays SE Linux variables
iptables Sets up, maintains, and inspects the tables of IP packet filter rules in the linux kernel (firewalls)
seinfo Queries SE linux policy
getenforce Displays SE linux status
setenforce Changes SE linux status
restorecon Restores SE linux file context based on dir it is in
chcon Changes SE linux file context
tune2fs Displays or modifies tunable filesystem parameters on ext filesystems
blkid Displays or modifies block id attributes of disks
setfacl Sets file access control lists
swapon Enables a swap partition
swapoff Disables a swap partition
uname -r Displays currently running kernel
cat /proc/cmdline Displays arguments passed to kernel at boot
init Sets init runlevel for next boot
runlevel Displays previous and current system runlevel
umask Sets file mode creation mask for files and directories
tar Creates a tar file
gpg Encryption and signing tool allowing private key use to run scripts
service Displays status, starts, stops, or restarts a system init script
ftp Opens text based ftp client
sealert Opens a GUI SE linux browser and troubleshooter
grep flags /proc/cpuinfo Displays processor stats
virsh Creates a virtual machine
lvrename Renames a logical volume
lvremove Removes a logical volume
ctrl - Decreases font size
ctrl + Increases font size
vim Opens a text editor similar to vi
squid Proxy caching server
partprobe Informs kernel of partition table changes to nonprimary partions
kpartx Creates device maps from partition tables
w Displays currently logged in users
last Displays last lines of a file or log
makewhatis Creates or renews man -k database
wc Displays word count on a file
sort Sorts lines in a file for output
unique Displays non adjacent unique lines in a file
tee Reads from standard input and writes to a file
e2label Changes label on ext partition
cryptsetup Encrypts a partition
reboot Restarts system
mkswap Create a linux swap area in a file or partition
lvm Open text based logical volume manager
info Displays Info pages of a command
dmsetup Low level logical volume manager
vgreduce Shrinks a volume group by removing a physical volume from it.
fsck Checks and repairs the health of an unmounted filesystem
pvs Checks available extents in a physical volume
pvmove Moves data off a physical volume that is to be removed.
lvreduce Shrinks a logical volume to a defined size
lvextend Extends a logical volume to a defined size or by a defined amount
showmount Displays the mount information for an NFS server
smbclient Samba ftp client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers
service autofs reload Reinitializes autofs after updating /etc/auto.master
userdel Removes a user from /etc/passwd file
groupdel Removes a group from /etc/groups file
vipw Locks the passwd file and opens it for editing user information
vigr Locks the groups file and opens it for editing group information
pwconv Syncs the /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd files
pwchk Checks the /etc/passwd file for errors
automount manages autofs mount points
system-config-users Opens a GUI tool for managing users and groups
autoconfig Opens a TUI interface for managing NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, and SMB, by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/passwd, and /etc/shadow files.
system-config-authentication Opens a GUI tool for managing NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, and SMB, by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/passwd, and /etc/shadow files.
getent Searches a given database file like passwd, group, aliases, shadow, etc.. for a defined term and returns matching entries
getfacl Displays file acl for provided file path
grpconv Syncs /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files
newgrp Changes group id to a named group. Similar su - command for changing users.
gpasswd Sets group password in /etc/gshadow
wget Non-Interactive file downloader that allows a user to retrieve a file while not logged in. Designed to work over slow or unstable network connections.
ps -eZ Displays SE linux information for processes
semanage fcontext Displays SE linux defaults used by restorecon
setsebool Sets specific SE linux rules on or off
lsof Displays list of files opened by system
nc Opens netcat utility for troubleshooting tcp/udp connections
service rsyslog restart Restarts log server after changes to rsyslog.conf
logger Sends a test message to the log server
logwatch Monitors logs and emails a summary to root
killall Kills all processes with a specific name
crontab Configures cron files in the /var/spool/ directory used by the crond process
anacron Similar to cron, it runs commands listed in the /etc/anacrontab file based on date it was last run, so cron commands are not missed in the event of a system being shut down.
dmesg Displays boot messages from the kernel ring buffer /proc/ksmsg
sysctl Configures kernel parameters for next boot cycle
modinfo Displays information about a kernel module
lsmod Displays what modules are loaded by kernel
modprobe Adds or removes modules from the kernel
ls list
pwd Present Working Directory
cat Views file
more Displays text file one screen at a time
file Displays file type
less Displays file with scroll and search capability
date Displays or changes system date
system-config-date Opens a GUI tool to Display or change system date
passwd Changes password
id [username] Displays user and group information for specified username
su - username Switches user while keeping environmental variables
su username Switches user without environmental variables
su - Switches to root user
exit Exits su to original user
chage Sets password age limit
whoami Shows original user id logged in as
groups Shows group memberships for each username
history Shows commands entered since login
!# Enters command with command history number #
!A Enters last command with the first letter A
[partial command] TAB TAB Displays commands similar to partial command entered
bg Runs a process ID in the background
fg Runs a process ID in the foreground
ctrl Z Breaks or pauses a process
ctrl C Kills a process
jobs Shows jobs running on machine
ctrl-alt-f5 Switches to virtual console 5
ctrl-alt-f1 Returns to GUI from virtual console
virt-manager Opens a GUI tool for virtual machine manager
echo $PATH Displays path of commands used
echo $ Displays environmental variable value or prints script info to user screen
cd Changes directory
cp Copies files
ln Creates a hard link
ln -s Creates a symbolic link or alias
mv Moves a file
rm Removes a file or directory
touch Creates or updates access and modification times of a file
mkdir Creates a directory
rmdir Removes an empty directory
alias Creates a command alias in .bashrc file
reset Clears terminal log history and terminal window
clear Clears terminal window but not log
where is Locates executable command paths
locate Searches for a file path in nightly indexed file database
updatedb Creates or updates the indexed file database used by locate command
find Searches for a file in a directory hierarchy
system-release Displays RedHat Version information
nano Text editor and file creator
gedit Opens a GUI text editor
man Opens a manual page for a command
man -k Suggests manual page similar to text entered
makewhatis Updates man database after packet installation
pinfo Advanced lynx based viewer for commands info page or its manual page if one does not exist
firefox Opens a GUI web browser
sudo Allows a user to execute a command at another users access level
lpadmin Configures a printer
lp [filename] Prints filename to default printer
palimpsest Opens a GUI disk utility
fdisk Mbr disk partitioner
df -h Shows mapping of disk partitions
mount Mounts a directory as a partition
umount Unmounts a directory as a partition
pvcreate Creates a logical physical volume
pvdisplay Displays logical physical volumes
vgcreate Creates a volume group from physical volume physical extents
vgdisplay Displays volume groups
lvcreate Creates a logical volume made of physical extents
lvdisplay Displays logical volumes
mkfs Formats a partition and creates a filesystem
vgextend Extends a volume group to a new partition
resize2fs Extends a logical volume group filesystem
lsblk Displays overview of partitions and logical volumes
kill -l Displays a list of process signals
kill Sends a signal to a process
nice Runs a command with a modified niceness scheduling priority
renice Alters the niceness scheduling priority of a process
top Opens command line process manager
ps Displays processes running from current window
ps -e Displays every process running on system
du Displays disk usage
du -sh Displays total disk usage of all directorys under current directory
yum Yellowdog updater modified package manager
rpm Redhat package manager
Package manager that does not resolve dependencies Rpm package manager
Package manager that does resolve dependencies Yum package manager
createrepo Creates yum repository
system-config-network Opens a GUI for configuring network interfaces
arp Modify the system arp cache
ip Displays IP address and network information similar to ifconfig
ifconfig Displays IP address and network information similar to ip
route Displays or modifies routing table of system
iproute Second way to display routing table of system
netstat -r Display only routing table of system
host Simple DNS hostname or IP look up tool based on the same engine as DIG
nslookup Older DNS lookup tool that queries it's own DNS table before contacting a DNS server and then showing IP and Host as well as the lookup server
hostname Displays or nonpersistantly modifies hostname entry in /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
service network restart Restarts network services with new settings
dig In depth DNS lookup utility similar to host that gives entire DNS message
tail Displays last ten lines of a file
chsh Changes shell
chage Changes password aging similar to passwd-x or usermod
passwd -x Changes password aging similar to chage or usermod
usermod Changes user attributes
useradd Adds a user to passwd but will not assign a password
groupadd Adds a group to groups or directory
chown Changes user ownership of a file or directory
chmod Changes mode of a file
chgrp Changes group ownership of a file or directory
ssh Opens a secure shell terminal
scp Secure copies a file
rsync Syncs remote files to local files
ssh-keygen Generates, manages, and converts authentication keys for ssh
ssh-copy-id Installs ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub in a remote machines ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file
file-roller Opens a GUI archive manager
chkconfig Displays or modifies services run at boot
vncpasswd Sets your VNC password on the VNC server
vncviewer Opens a GUI VNC window
getsebool Displays SE Linux variables
iptables Sets up, maintains, and inspects the tables of IP packet filter rules in the linux kernel (firewalls)
seinfo Queries SE linux policy
getenforce Displays SE linux status
setenforce Changes SE linux status
restorecon Restores SE linux file context based on dir it is in
chcon Changes SE linux file context
tune2fs Displays or modifies tunable filesystem parameters on ext filesystems
blkid Displays or modifies block id attributes of disks
setfacl Sets file access control lists
swapon Enables a swap partition
swapoff Disables a swap partition
uname -r Displays currently running kernel
cat /proc/cmdline Displays arguments passed to kernel at boot
init Sets init runlevel for next boot
runlevel Displays previous and current system runlevel
umask Sets file mode creation mask for files and directories
tar Creates a tar file
gpg Encryption and signing tool allowing private key use to run scripts
service Displays status, starts, stops, or restarts a system init script
ftp Opens text based ftp client
sealert Opens a GUI SE linux browser and troubleshooter
grep flags /proc/cpuinfo Displays processor stats
virsh Creates a virtual machine
lvrename Renames a logical volume
lvremove Removes a logical volume
ctrl - Decreases font size
ctrl + Increases font size
vim Opens a text editor similar to vi
squid Proxy caching server
partprobe Informs kernel of partition table changes to nonprimary partions
kpartx Creates device maps from partition tables
w Displays currently logged in users
last Displays last lines of a file or log
makewhatis Creates or renews man -k database
wc Displays word count on a file
sort Sorts lines in a file for output
unique Displays non adjacent unique lines in a file
tee Reads from standard input and writes to a file
e2label Changes label on ext partition
cryptsetup Encrypts a partition
reboot Restarts system
mkswap Create a linux swap area in a file or partition
lvm Open text based logical volume manager
info Displays Info pages of a command
dmsetup Low level logical volume manager
vgreduce Shrinks a volume group by removing a physical volume from it.
fsck Checks and repairs the health of an unmounted filesystem
pvs Checks available extents in a physical volume
pvmove Moves data off a physical volume that is to be removed.
lvreduce Shrinks a logical volume to a defined size
lvextend Extends a logical volume to a defined size or by a defined amount
showmount Displays the mount information for an NFS server
smbclient Samba ftp client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers
service autofs reload Reinitializes autofs after updating /etc/auto.master
userdel Removes a user from /etc/passwd file
groupdel Removes a group from /etc/groups file
vipw Locks the passwd file and opens it for editing user information
vigr Locks the groups file and opens it for editing group information
pwconv Syncs the /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd files
pwchk Checks the /etc/passwd file for errors
automount manages autofs mount points
system-config-users Opens a GUI tool for managing users and groups
autoconfig Opens a TUI interface for managing NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, and SMB, by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/passwd, and /etc/shadow files.
system-config-authentication Opens a GUI tool for managing NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, and SMB, by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/passwd, and /etc/shadow files.
getent Searches a given database file like passwd, group, aliases, shadow, etc.. for a defined term and returns matching entries
getfacl Displays file acl for provided file path
grpconv Syncs /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files
newgrp Changes group id to a named group. Similar su - command for changing users.
gpasswd Sets group password in /etc/gshadow
wget Non-Interactive file downloader that allows a user to retrieve a file while not logged in. Designed to work over slow or unstable network connections.
ps -eZ Displays SE linux information for processes
semanage fcontext Displays SE linux defaults used by restorecon
setsebool Sets specific SE linux rules on or off
lsof Displays list of files opened by system
nc Opens netcat utility for troubleshooting tcp/udp connections
service rsyslog restart Restarts log server after changes to rsyslog.conf
logger Sends a test message to the log server
logwatch Monitors logs and emails a summary to root
killall Kills all processes with a specific name
crontab Configures cron files in the /var/spool/ directory used by the crond process
anacron Similar to cron, it runs commands listed in the /etc/anacrontab file based on date it was last run, so cron commands are not missed in the event of a system being shut down.
dmesg Displays boot messages from the kernel ring buffer /proc/ksmsg
sysctl Configures kernel parameters for next boot cycle
modinfo Displays information about a kernel module
lsmod Displays what modules are loaded by kernel
modprobe Adds or removes modules from the kernel
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